Art of reproduction



Feb. 19, 1935. i.sPlELvoGEL 1,992,017

ART 0F REPRODUCTION Filed Decv 14, 1955 iiiiiiiiiiimIl y M mustmfnghcwaline: u l

illustrating how a1ihe i6/ m Easlymaybejustified b y.m ...Wh

INVENTOR ATTORNEY lli Patented Feb. 19, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENTOFI-'ica An'r or aEPaonUc'rroN Joseph Spielvogel, Newark, N. J.Application December 14, 1933, serial Ne. 702.348

13 claim. (ci. 954.5)

It has been found desirable and economical in many instances toreproduce typewritten matter by photolithographing, which isconsiderably less expensive and more rapid than printing which requirestype setting and other time consuming operations. Heretofore, whentypewritten matter was reproduced by photolithographing, in order togive the matter substantially the appearance of printing, that is, withthe right margin of the typewritten matter being in a straight line inthe same manner as is common with the left margin, it has been necessaryto count the spaces between characters in order to justify the rightmargin so that each line of the typewritten matter will have the samelength; or in other instances the lines have been justiiied by cuttingout spaces to justify the line.

These and other expedients have been used in order to give the lines thesame length; but such expedients as have heretofore been used have beenfound objectionable in that they require considerable time and labor andmake the cost of producing justified typewritten matter byphotolithographin'g about the same as the cost of producing the samematter by printing.

This invention has for its object to produceadistortable medium uponwhich lines of typewritten, typeset or drawn lettering of variouslengths can be readily and properly justified by lineal expansion forreproduction, to eliminate the present costly, unsatisfactory andtime-consuming operations required to accomplish the same result. Afurther object of this invention is to produce a distortable medium bymeans of which ordinary typewritten or typeset matter can be distortedso as to produce various sizes and shapes of characters without the useof special typewriters with interchangeable keyboards, specialenlargement of certain characters, or the use of a large variety ofprinters types.

A further object of this invention is to provide a distortable mediumupon which an entire page of typewritten, typeset or drawn matter can bedistorted to change its general outside proportions, and thus .eliminatethe necessity of resetting, retyping or redrawing it to t the newproportions.

These and other advantageous objects, which will later appear, areaccomplished by the simple and practical construction and arrangement ofparts hereinafter described and exhibited in the accompanying drawing,forming part hereof, and in which: l

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of my character receiving medium shown inposition on a typewriter platen, the typewriter proper being omitted,and showing one of the lines of type being "justiiied after thetypewriting process,

Fig. 2 represents an elevation of the face of the character receivingmedium,

Fig. 3 represents a similar view of the stiifening sheet to which thecharacter receiving medium is secured,

Fig. 4 represents a fragmentary elevational enlarged view of thecharacter receiving medium 1 before it has been justified, showing agroup of letters imprinted thereon, the character receiving medium beingslitted between the lines of characters and having a portion magnifiedto illustrate the corrugations which are so ne as to be hardly nnoticeable.

Fig. 5 is a similar view of the character receiving medium, with thelines of characters justified,

Fig. 6 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary elen vation of a part of acharacter receiving medium to illustrate the flneness of the crepe papercompared with the size of the letter.

Fig. 'I is an enlarged fragmentary perspective section through a portionof Fig. 6, showing the s Fig. 10 is a. diagrammatic view of the characuter receiving medium showing how the corrugations are widened out in theprocess of stretching,

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view showing, in line A, a strip of characterreceiving medium, on which characters, represented by dots and byletters a u to h, inclusive, have been imprinted; line B represents thesame line unequally stretched throughout its length, as indicated by thedistance between dots c and d, and between dots f and g;

and line C represents the same line stretched a equally between the dotsthroughout its length.

I'hls invention contemplates providing a nonstretchable characterreceiving medium. preferably, semi-transparent, which is so fabricatedthat it is thereby caused to become stretchable, 5

so that characters printed thereon and the spaces between characters canbe distorted proportionately to produce justified lines withoutretyping, resetting, and without tedious slitting between words, as hasprevously been necessary. u

represent similar parts.

f course, the original medium need only be comparativelynon-stretchable, the shaping or fabrication of it being the means ofgiving it the substantial stretchable characteristics.

When a group of lines or words is impressed or typewritten on thecharacter receiving medium, the resultant distortion of each characterand space required to justify any long or short line of characterstherein by means of this invention, isl hardly noticeable because it isdivided equally among all characters and spaces in the entire line. Ittherefore produces results superior to mechanically typeset lines whichare often unevenly spaced out, or typewritten lines justiiled byretyping and inserting extra large spaces between certain words to fillout the line, after preliminary calculation.

The character receiving medium is preferably made of somesemi-transparent, non-elastic material such as thin paper, and soshaped, corrugated or crinkled, similar to crepe paper, as to bestretchable. It will be observed that the corrugations are substantiallytransverse to the lineal direction of extension of the line, and otherforms of fabrication of the material may be used to permit theline-stretching without substantial transverse stretching. Charactersare impressed on the medium with sufficient pressure to print on boththe hills" and "valleys formedk by the corrugations. The characterreceiving medium may then be stretched, and because it is made ofessentially non-elastic material, no disltortion or shrinkage whatsoeveroccurs at right angles to the direction of stretch, such as occurs withrubber or some other elastic material.

This feature of the invention permits the character receiving medium tobe stretched to its limit, until it is perfectly flat, and yet, everycharacter on the medium remains exactly the same height or width(depending upon its position in relation to the direction ofcorrugations) as it was before the medium was distorted and beingexpansible only lineally, the successive linestrips remain with theircontiguous edges in linear contact.

.Referring to the drawing, all similar numbers In Il'ig. 1, thecharacter receiving member 15 consists of a flat, unshaped andvunstretchable portion 16, and a shaped, stretchable portion 17 integralwith 15. Because the corrugations on portion 17 of the characterreceiving member are so ilne as to be hardly noticeable, (see Fig. 6) athin guideline 18 may be imprinted between portions 18 and 17 to showwhere the stretchable portion begins, but this line should be printed ina color which will not photograph, such as blue.

In Fig. 1 of the drawing, I have shown the character receiving member 15secured to'stiffening sheet 19 and inserted into the typewriterrepresented by the roll 20. The character receiving member l5 ispreferably divided by slits 21 into a plurality of line strips, each ofwhich is adapted to bear a typewritten line. The typist may, if desired,justify the typewritten matter immediately after typing the same bylifting each typewritten strip which is to be justified and thenstretching the same 'as in the first and third lines shownin Fig. 5. Thecharacter receiving member is preferably provided on the back thereofwith a suitable cement which has the proper consistency so that thestrips will adhere to the stiening sheet 19 and may be readily liftedtherefrom as shown in Fig. 1 and then stretched and then secured downagain on the backing sheet. This may be done times without numberwithout in any way affecting the sticking quality or readability of thetypewritten matter.

It will be noted that the slits 21 of the character receiving member 15begin at a uniform distance from the left hand edge of the member sothat the left hand margin need not be Justifled, and ifdesired, thescore lines may terminate lust short of the right hand edge of themember 15 so that the unscored right hand portion 22 of the sheet may betorn oif after the sheet has been typewritten and then each strip oftypewritten matter may be justified as required.

By this arrangement ordinary typewritten matter may be evened up orjustined" for reproduction by photolithographing, lithographing, orother reproduction process. By this expedient the shape of the printproduced by the ordinary typewriter may be enlarged or otherwise changedby stretching the paper to secure a different eii'ect withoutphotographic enlargement or hand lettering.

Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the character receiving member which isadapted to be attached to the stiifening member 19, shown in Fig. 3. Theunstretchable portion 15 of the character receiving member may beattached permanently to member 19 with glue. 'I'he stretchable portion17 may be attached to member 19 with some non-hardening adhesive, suchas rubber cement, so that it can be subsequently separated from, andreattached to member 19 after it has been distorted. Toassist inseparating portion 17 from member 19, an overlap 22 is provided.I

In Fig. 4 the character receiving member, attached to a stiffeningmember 19, as in Fig. l is provided with slits 21 preferably at Y.interval or multiples thereof, parallel to the lines of charactersimprinted thereon. These slits can be made before or after thecharacters have been imprinted, and are not deep enough to cut throughmember 19. Thin guide lines 23 can be printed on stretchable portion 17with some non-photographing ink, such as blue, to assist imprintingcharacters in the proper position. It will be noted that the slits 17begin at the guide line 18 where the stretchable portion of thecharacter receiving medium begins. and extend to the right, up to withina short distance of the right hand edge thereof. 'I'his is done to keepthe overlapping portion 22 shown in Figs. 2 and 4 from fraying whilebeing imprinted. After the characters have been imprinted, theoverlapping portion 22 is cut off so as to intersect the slits 17 inmember 15, making it possible to manipulate the stretchable portion ofeach line of characters independently to justify it.

Fig. 5 is an elevational view of the character receiving mediumillustrated in Fig. 4, but having its overlapping portion 10, shown inFigs. 2 and 4 cut off, and the three imprinted lines of charactersthereon justified by being lifted and stretched or contracted, asrequired, as indicated by the arrows, and then reattached to member 19.Lines 24 and 25 have been stretched to the required width, while line 26has been contracted to the required width, partially exposing the stil!-ening member 19, as shown.

The character receiving medium is preferably made of a semi-transparentor translucid material such as thin paper, so that any guide lines whichare printed directly underneath it on member 19 are visible through it.The guide lines printed on member 19, as shown on Fig. 3, are horizontalto correspond with guide lines 23 on the character receiving medium, toassist in keeping lines of characters horisontally straight.

and additional guide lines can be printed vertically at short intervalson member 4 to assist in justifying lines vertically.

Fig. 8 illustrates a character receiving member similar to Fig. 1 havingtwo non-stretchable portions 2'1-27 one on each end, as shown,preferably mounted on a stiilening member 29 as shown in Fig. 4 andhaving characters imprinted on stretchable portion 28 at various angles.The character receiving member is lapped around member 29 which containsa slit 30.

Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of the character receiving mediumillustrated in Fig. 8 stretched, distorting the characters imprintedthereon to produce wider, higher and italic types. As shown in Fig. 9,the portions 27 of the character receiving medium overlap the parts ofmember 29 and are secured thereto so that when the latter are separatedand stretched equal tension will be exerted over the entire area of thecharacter receiving medium.

This stiener is only necessary when the character receiving medium iscomparatively long in a direction parallel to the corrugations. Resultssimilar to those shown-in Fig. 9 may also be secured without theunstretchable portions 27 of the character receiving medium, and withoutthe stiffening member 29, because the nature of the character receivingmedium is such that, after it is stretched, it will not return to itsoriginal length, but willremain permanently distorted. The distortedcharacters can be then cut and pasted into position together withcharacters not so greatly distorted, and thereby produce effects similarto enlarged type, hand drawn or special types.

Figs. 6, '7 and 10 indicate how ilne the corrugatlons of the characterreceiving medium are.

In Fig. 11 the letters A, B and C represent character receiving mediumson which characters, represented by dots a to h are imprinted. Thecharacter receiving medium A has not been stretched; character receivingmedium B has been stretched between characters c and e and f and g,only; while medium C has been stretched equally throughout its length.

Thus, to justify aline the whole line may be stretached uniformlythroughout its length as in C, or only between words as in B; abc, def,and gh constituting three words for the purpose of illustration.

The justiiled lines of characters secured by the use of this inventioncan be used for reproduction by photography, photoengraving,photolithography or other photo-mechanical process.

The character receiving medium can also be made of materials other thanthat heretofore described, by similarly shaping these offset materials,so that characters can be impressed thereon, singly or in groups, insuch a manner that it may be inked and reproductions made directly fromthe character receiving medium.

Characters can also be impressed upon the character receiving medium,singly or in groups, with a copying ink, such as Hectograph", so thatwhen wet with chemicals or water, copies can be made directly from thecharacter receiving medium.

Inanylineofcharactersimpresseduponthe character receiving medium,certain words. which it is desired to emphasise can be distorted to agreater degree than others.

This invention will prove of value in the production of advertising.Modern layouts having unusual arrangements of type to fit such shapes astriangles, parallelograms, circles etc., can be easily produced withoutpreliminary calculation. Letters, words, headlines, illustrations andbody matter can be drawn or imprinted on the character receiving medium,contemplated by this v invention and permanently distorted into circles,waves and other shapes for reproduction. Entire advertisements set forone publication can be impressed upon the character receiving medium,

and then distorted to a different proportion toy ilt different spacerequirements of another publication, without the necessity of resettingtype, by simply reproducing the distorted advertisement by any suitablereproduction process.

As above stated, another advantage will be apparent from the abovedescribed devices, viz, that when the stretchable paper or medium isimpressed with the type, these type impressions tend to destroy orminimize the stretchability of the paper within the confines of theimpressed letters, so that the stretching that occurs for the justifyingis entirely or mainly between adjacent letters and between adjacentwords of the line.

The foregoing disclosure is to be regarded as descriptive andillustrative only, and not as restrictive or limitative of theinvention, of which obviously an embodiment may be constructed lncludingmany modifications without departing from the general scope hereinindicated and denoted in the appended claims.

Having thus described my'invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure bylletters Patent, is: J

1. A 'character receiving medium comprising a normally non-stretchablematerial which has been made stretchable and compressible bycorrugating, so that lines of characters impressed thereon can bejustified, said character receiving medium being detachably adhered to astil!- ening member, and movable in relation thereto.

2. A character receiving medium comprising a sheet of a normallynon-stretchable material which has been made stretchable andcompressible in at least one direction, said sheet having a plurality ofspaced slits, and a stiffening member to which said sheet is detachablyadhered and movable in relation thereto.

3. A character receiving medium comprising a sheet of normallynon-stretchable material which has a section thereof made stretchableand compressible in at least one direction, said sheet having aplurality of spaced slits between lines of characters impressed on thestretchable portion thereof, so that each line can be individuallyvaried toV justify it; said character receiving member being detachablyadhered to a stiifening member, and the stretchable portion beingmovable in relation thereto.

v4. A character receiving medium comprising a sheet oi' normallycomparatively non-stretchable material, said sheet having been madestretchable in part in at least one direction and nonstretchable inpart, and slitted so that lines of characters impressed on thestretchable portion can be varied individually to justify them, saidcharacter receiving medium being detachably adhered to a stiieningmember having guide lines directly under the character receiving sheetto aid in properly aligning and justifying characters on thecharacter'receiving sheet.

5. A character receiving medium comprising a sheet ci materialstretchable in one v direction only so that characters or illustrationsimpressed thereon can be varied by stretching the sheet, said sheetbeing detachably adhered to a stiening member and movable in relationthereto.

6. A character receiving medium comprising a sheet of stretchablematerial slitted into strips to receive lines of characters impressedthereon,

l so that each line-strip can be individually varied for justincation,said sheet being detachably adhered to a stiifening member and movablein relation thereto.

7. A character receiving medium comprising a stretchable materialslitted into strips to receive lines of characters impressed thereon, sothat each line-strip can be individually varied for justification, and astiffening member to which a part of the'sheet is permanently attached,the remainder of the sheet being detachably adhered to the stitfeningmember and movable in relation to said stitfening member.

8. A character receiving member comprising a sheet of stretchabletranslucid material slitted into strips to receive lines of charactersimpressed thereon, so that each line can be individually varied forjustincation, and a stiifening member to which a part of the sheet ispermanently attached, the remainder of the sheet being detachablyadhered to the stlifening member, and movable in relation thereto. saidstiffening member having guide lines thereon directly under thecharacter receiving sheet for properly aligning and justifyingcharacters on the character receiving sheet.

9. In means for justifying typing, a line justifying sheet comprising anormally non-stretchable material which has been fabricated into astretchable material. corrugated substantially transversely to the lineof stretching, and also fabricated into a plurality of line-stripsadaptedf to receive impressed characters on said linestrips, wherebysaid strips can then be extended lineally to justify the lines.

10. The method of justifying the lines of typewritten matter, whichcomprises forming a sheet o'f normally non-stretchable material into aseries of contiguous line-strips which are corrugated substantiallytransversely to the lines, and which line-strips are adapted to receiveprinted type impressions thereon, recording such impressions thereon andthen stretching the 'requisite strips to bring the marginal ends of thetype impressions into alignment.

11. The methodset forth in the precedingV claim, supplemented by theadditional steps of temporarily attaching said line-strips to asupporting medium for the impressing of the printed matter thereon, thendetaching and stretching the requisite strips to bring the marginal endsof the type impressions into augment, and thereupon re-attaching thestrips to the supporting medium.

12. The method of justifying lines of typing which consists of typing aline on a strip of a non-stretchable character receiving medium whichhas been made stretchable by corrugating transversely to the directionof stretch, and then stretching the typed line to the required lengthfor justifying.

13. The method of claim 12, with the added step of assembling a numberof said stretched line-strips on a backing member with their line endsin vertical alinement.

JOSEPH BPIELVOGEL.

